Types Of Foundation

TYPES OF FOUNDATION  

The types of foundations are provided depending upon the type of structure, distribution of loads, type and capacity of sub-soil, presence and level of water table etc. 

The foundation can be classified into the following types:-

1) Shallow Foundation- This type is provided if the depth is equal to or less than its width. Some examples of shallow foundation are spread footing, strap footing, combined footing, raft footing, isolated footing.

• Strap footing:- Strap footing is considered to be a type of combined footing since it consists of 2 or more column footings connected by a concrete beam
• Isolated footing:- Individual columns are supported by individual footings.
• Spread footing:-  Spread footing is a type of individual footing. It is described as the structural parts that support the columns and walls while also transmitting and distributing the load from structure to the soil underneath it. 
• Raft footing:- Raft foundations are made of a thick concrete slab resting on a huge area of soil that is reinforced with steel and serves to support columns or walls while transferring load from the structure to the soil. Mat foundation is often stretched across the full surface of the structure it supports.
• Combined footing:- When two or more columns are near each other and their foundations overlap then combined footings are built.

                                      

2) Deep Foundation- This type is provided if the the depth is greater than the width. Examples of deep foundation are pile, well, pier.